26 Feb 2012

I will bear it in mind

In northern areas of Canada, the bear undergoes a remarkable metabolic transformation as it prepares for hibernation. Hibernation is an energy-saving process bears have developed to let them survive for long periods when there is insufficient food available to maintain their body mass. When they stop eating and become increasingly lethargic, the bear will enter a cave; dig out a den; or hole up in a dense brush pile, hollow log or tree cavity and hibernate. Right before it does this it starts to gain weight so it can survive the long months ahead. It can gain as much as 30 pounds per week. The bear hibernates between four to seven months. When it’s in a hibernating state the bear’s heart rate drops from between forty to seventy beats per minute to only eight to twelve beats per minute. Its metabolism slows down by half, and its body temperature reduces by 3 to 7 degrees Centigrade (5 to 9 degrees Fahrenheit). Also its body doesn’t release any wastes like urea or solid fecal waste but instead it’s recycled into usable proteins. During the hibernation period adult males and adolescent bears lose between 15% and 30% of their weight while a female cub with newborn loses as much as 40% of her weight. Most black bears vacate their winter dens over a one to two month period starting in April or May. Both the climatic conditions (snow cover and temperature) and physiological factors such as the bear's age, the status of its health and its remaining fat reserves affect the time it comes out. Normally, adult males emerge first. Females with newborn cubs are usually the last ones to leave their den, and continue with their life cycle.
Source: http://www.customessaymeister.com/customessays/Biology/16664.htm

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